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CAMPAIGN
OF
THE ARMY OF THE RESERVE
IN 1800

FIRST PART
PASSAGE OF THE GREAT SAINT BERNARD

BY

Captain DE CUGNAC

“… In all the cases, hold your army
“joined together and do not lend the ear to the commanders
“of Lyon and other cities which you
“will ask troops…. ”

(The First Consul with Berthier,
April 22, 1800).

PARIS
MILITARY BOOKSTORE R. CHAPELOT AND It
PRINTERS EDITORS
SUCCESSORS OF L. BAUDOIN
30, Rue et Passage Dauphine, 30

1900
All rights reserved.

PARIS. – PRINTING WORKS R. CHAPELOT AND This, RUE CHRISTINE, 2.

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
FIRST PART

Pages.
FOREWORD
V
FIRST CHAPTER
Situation of France after 18th brumaire.
Forces of the Republic. – Plans of campaign of winter. – Defensive Provisions. – Destitution of the armies. – Improvements with the military organization. – First idea of an Army of the Reserve. – Pacification of the Vendée. – Negotiations for peace. – Military Situation at the beginning of March 1800 3
CHAPTER II
The Army of the Reserve in Dijon.
General organization of the army. – Chabran's division in Mâcon and Châlon-sur-Saône. – Italian Legion in Bourg. – Troops of Paris and the West joined together around Dijon. – Artillery. – Provisioning. 37
CHAPTER III
First plans of operations.
Double goal of the Army of the Reserve. – Reconnaissance of the passages of Splügen and Saint-Gothard. – Plan of operations, the First Consul for the Army of the Rhine. – Plan of General Moreau. – Reconnaissance of the Valais Alps. – Instructions of the 25th March and of the 9th April for the generals as a commander of the Armies of the Rhine, Italy and reserve. – Military Convention between Moreau and Berthier 87
CHAPTER IV
Departure of the advance guard of the Army of the Reserve.
Offensive of the Austrians in Italy. – Surprised of Mount Cenis. – Reinforcements directed towards Mount Blanc. – Movements of Chabran's division and Watrin. – Continuation of the organization of the Army of the Reserve. 121
CHAPTER V
March of the army of Dijon towards Lake Geneva.
Intelligence on the operations in the river of Genoa. – Necessity to support the Army of Italy. – March of the Army of the Reserve towards Geneva and Lausanne. – Continuation of the organization. – Complaints of Berthier. 177
CHAPTER VI
New plan of operations.
Headquarters of the Army of the Reserve in Geneva. – Difficult Situation of the Army of Italy. – Necessity of a prompt diversion in Piedmont. – Success of the Army of the Rhine in Germany. – Détachement that it to send in Italy. – Departure of the First Consul of Paris. – Intelligence on the passages of the Valais Alps and the forces of the enemy 239
CHAPTER VII
Station on the edges of Lake Geneva.
Reconnaissance of the Great Saint Bernard. – The First Consul in Geneva. - New organization of the army. – Reinforcement of the advance guard. – Constitution of artillery, the crews, the provisioning. 293
CHAPTER VIII
Preparations to cross the Alps.
Concentration of the army. – Headquarters in Lausanne. – Review of the troops. – New of Masséna and Moreau. – Provisions of the various columns emerging in Italy. – Orders for the passage of the Great Saint Bernard 335
CHAPTER IX
Passage of the Great Saint Bernard.
Passage of Watrin's division, with its artillery, May the 15 and 16. – Engagement close to Étroubles, 15th May. – Occupation of Aoste 16th May. – Passages of Rivaud's cavalry brigade, Boudet's division and Loison, May 17 and 18. – Difficulties for the passage of artillery. – Action of Châtillon, 18th May. – Instructions in General Suchet and Moncey. – Provisions to keep the line of communication. 377
CHAPTER X
Occupation of Ivrée.
Pages. Fort Bard in 1800. – Investment and summations. – Passage of the advance guard by the path of Albard. – Passage of the Saint-Bernard by the First Consul. – Capture of the village of Bard. – Provisions of the batteries and preparations of attack. – Action of Ivrée. – Occupation of this city 433
CHAPTER XI
Resistance of Fort Bard.
Passage of the Great Saint Bernard by last divisions of the Army of the Reserve. – Reconnaissance of Fort Bard. – Cannonade without result. – Tentative unfruitful of passage of artillery. – Difficult Position of the army. – Improvement of the path of Albard. – The Italian Legion with Gressoney. – Instructions in General Béthencourt and Moncey. – Passage of the first two artillery pieces. – Pushed back Attack. – Concentration of the army with Ivrée. – Capitulation of Bard. – Outlet of Turreau in the valley of Suze 479
CHAPTER XII
Administrative measures.
The directing commissioner Lambert is charged to constitute the provisioning in Geneva. – It is established in Lyon 13th March. – Its operations. – Multiple Difficulties. – Lack of money. – Arrival in Geneva of the advisers of State Petiet and Dejean, 11th May. – The first supervises the services of the subsistence and the hospitals, the second that of the ammunition and artillery 555

APPENDICES

APPENDIX no. 1. Organization of the artillery train 597
– 2. Situation of Chabran's division, 22nd March 602
– 3. Coming summary of the concentration of the troops from Paris. 605
– 4. – – west. 607
– 5. Situation of March 15 608
– 6. – March 24 612
– 7. – April 10 615
– 8. – April 16 618
– 8 (a). – April 21 621
– 9. – April 25, made in Dijon 622
– 10. Situation of the 25th April, made in Paris. 627
– 11. Joined together provisioning 21st April by Lambert. 636
– 12. Table of march of the infantry of Dijon towards Lake Geneva 642
– 13. Situation of the 30th April 644
– 14. Another situation of the 30th April 648
– 15. Probable march of the cavalry of Dijon towards Lake Geneva 653
– 16. Situation of May 9 654
– 17. – May 10. 666
– 18. A. State of the ammunition, pieces of ordnance, etc, last in Geneva 13th May. 670
B. State of the ammunition, pieces of ordnance, etc, last in Geneva 14th May 672
C. State of the ammunition, pieces of ordnance, etc, last in Geneva 15th May. 674
– 18 (a). A. State of biscuit dispatched of Geneva on Villeneuve of the 7th to the 15th May. 676
B. State of the oats dispatched of Geneva on Villeneuve of the 5th to the 13th May. 677
C. State of brandy dispatched of Geneva on Villeneuve of the 5th to the 12th May. 678
– 19. Situation of the 21st May. 679
– 20. Reconnaissance of the passes of the Alps of Mount Cenis in Splugen 681
– 21. Reconnaissance valleys of Cogne and Champorcher. 684
– 22. – of close Saint-Gothard and passes 688
– 23. Distribution of the funds between the various services, 21st April 693
– 24. Joined together provisioning on May 1 by Lambert. 694
– 25. Situations of case of the paymaster general of the army 700
Id. – magazine of clothing of Dijon 704
– 26. Composition of the Consular Guard 708
– 27. State of the officers of the engineers of the Army of the Reserve 713
– 28. Arrival of the reinforcements 714
– 29. Concordance of the calendars Gregorian and republican 718
ERRATA 720

LETTERS

Letter of Berthier 161
– of Murat 171
– of Carnot 181
– First Consul (2 lines and signature) 205
– First Consul (minute) 219
– of Dupont 294
– of Watrin 439
– of Chabran 533

SKETCH AND MAPS

Pages.
Routes of concentration 71
Meeting of the army around Dijon. Troops arrivals 21st April 85
March of the infantry of the army towards Lake Geneva 187
Passages of the Valais Alps in Italy 289
Route of Martigny to the Great Saint Bernard (sketch of Mareseot) 301
Pass of the Great Saint Bernard (reduction of a drawing with the pencil makes in 1800) 387
March May of the 15th. Engagement of Étroubles (according to a plan of the topographical engineers of the army) 389
March May of the 16th. Action of Aoste (according to a plan of the topographical engineers of the army) 391
March May of the 18th. Action of Châtillon (according to a plan of the topographical engineers of the army) 417
Valley of Aoste, Glasses with Bard (raised with the compass by the topographical engineers) 437
Plan of the city and the fortification of Bard (reduction of a plan of the topographical engineers) 461
Locations of the corps of the Army of the Reserve 25th May. 531
MAP no. 1. Map of France to the 1,824,000°, drawn up with the Depot of the War of 1804 to 1811, with some additions.
– 2. Map of France to the 345,600°, by Captain and Belleyme, continued beyond the Alps by the Depot of the War of 1816 to 1821, with some additions.
– 3. Mount Cenis and, valley of Suze (fragment of the “general Map of the marches, positions, actions and battles of the Army of the Reserve since the passage of the Great Saint Bernard until the complete and decisive victory gained with Marengo (made with the topographic cabinet of the Army of the Reserve”).

CAMPAIGN
OF
THE ARMY OF THE RESERVE
IN 1800

SECOND PART
MARENGO

BY

Captain DE CUGNAC

“… We passed the Po, and us
“let us occupy the position of Stradella; thus
“the enemy army is crossed…”

(The First Consul with General Lechi,
June 6, 1800).

PARIS
MILITARY BOOKSTORE R. CHAPELOT AND It
PRINTERS EDITORS
SUCCESSORS OF L. BAUDOIN
30, Rue et Passage Dauphine, 30

1901
All rights reserved.

PARIS. – PRINTING WORKS R. CHAPELOT AND This, RUE CHRISTINE, 2.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pages.
FOREWORD
V
FIRST CHAPTER
Action of Chiusella.
Strength of the army. – Lannes, victor in Chiusella 26th May, faced Turin. – Headquarters with Ivrée. – Murat occupies Verceil 27th, passes Sésia 29th. – Organization of the position of Ivrée 3
May 25 3
May 26 9
May 27 21
May 28 28
May 29 33
CHAPTER II
Passage of Tessin.
Headquarters with Verceil 30th May, Novare 31st. – Passage of Tessin by Murat and action of Turbigo, 31st May. – Passage of large of the army with Buffalora on June 1. – Connection with the columns Lechi and Béthencourt; order to make pass the line of operations by the Simplon. – March of Lannes de Chivasso on Verceil 49
May 30 49
May 31 56
June 1 75
CHAPTER III
Occupation of Milan and Pavia.
The First Consul enters to Milan on June 2 with Murat and Monnier's division and Boudet. – Lannes occupies Pavia on June 2. – Actions of Melegnano (June 3), where Duhesme crosses Lambro, and of Lodi (June 4) where it passes Adda. – Orders in Lannes and Murat to cross the Po 83
June 2 83
June 3 94
June 4 104
CHAPTER IV
Operations of Lechi, Béthencourt and Moncey.
Movement of the Italian Legion by Varallo, Sesto-Calend, Côme, Lecco and Brescia. – Passage of the Simplon by Béthencourt; blockade of the strength of Arona. – Passage of Saint-Gothard by Moncey; its march on Milan by Bellinzona and Lugano 119
Operations of Lechi 120
Passage of the Simplon by Béthencourt 132
Passage of Saint-Gothard by Moncey 148
CHAPTER V
Passage of the Po.
Passage of the Po by Lannes and action of San-Cipriano on June 6. – March of large of the army towards Belgiojoso. – Capture of the head of bridge of Plaisance by Murat, June 5. – Passage of the river and action of Plaisance, 7.- Occupation of Crema, Orzinovi and Brescia, by Loison. – Investment of Pizzighettone. – Capture of Crémone by Duhesme, June 7. – Tentative of the Austrians against Verceil and Ivrée. – Headquarters in Pavia 165
June 5 165
June 6 178
June 7 196
CHAPTER VI
Battle of Montebello.
Occupation of the defile of Stradella. – Raw of the Po; slowness and difficulties of the passage. – New of the capitulation of Genoa. – Shortage of artillery. – Battle of Montebello, 9th June. – Monitoring of left bank of the Po. – Organization of the strategic march towards the west. 219
June 8 219
June 9. Battle of Montebello 247
CHAPTER VII
Concentration of the army.
Headquarters with Stradella. – Duhesme keeps the bridge of Plaisance. – Moncey and Chabran monitor the left bank of the Po. – Concentration of large of the army between Voghera and Stradella. – New grouping of divisions. – March towards Tortone. – Uncertainty on the position of the enemy. – Action at Marengo, 13th June. – March of Desaix on Rivalta. – Second action of Crémone 285
June 10 285
June 11 298
June 12 321
June 13 338
CHAPTER VIII
Battle of Marengo.
Provisions of the First Consul in the morning of the 14th. – Lapoype's division and Boudet far away from the of line field. – Effective of the Army of the Reserve. – Reports of the generals commanding the troops: Gardanne, Rivaud and Victor, Watrin and Lannes, Monnier and Boudet, Murat and Kellermann; extracts of some memoires. – Reports of Berthier and Dupont. – Bulletin of the army and journal of Brossier. Austrian relations. – Relations made after the campaign by order of Napoleon 363
Movements of Lapoype's division 363
Reports of the French generals 371
Reports made with the French staff 411
Austrian relations 436
French relations made after the campaign 457
CHAPTER IX
Convention of Alessandria.
Armistice of the 15th June. – Loison's division approaches the army. Moncey ensures the defense of left bank of the Po. – The Convention of Alessandria is signed in the night of the 15th to the 16th June. – The Austrian army leaves for Mantua the 18, June 20 and 24. – The Army of the Reserve goes towards Plaisance. – The French take possession of Turin, Genoa, Alessandria, Milan, etc – Mesures for the resumption of the hostilities. – The First Consul leaves for Paris 25th June. – Meeting of the Army of the Reserve and the Army of Italy under the command of Masséna 465

APPENDICES

APPENDIX no. 1. Inventory of the artillery capture in Pavia 531
– 2. Situation of the Army of the Reserve 9th June 535
– 3. Another situation of the 9th June 538
– 4. Situation of the depots in Chambéry 542
– 5. Situation of the cavalry 544
– 6. Situation of the troops brought by Moncey 545
– 7. Arrival of the reinforcements 546
– 8. Situation of the Army of the Reserve 14th June 548
– 9. Positions of the French Armies and Austrian 14th June 552
– 10. Burial of Desaix 553
– 11. Situation of the Army of the Reserve 20th June 555
– 12. Table of march of the Austrian army moving towards Mantua 557
– 13. Situation of Chambarlhac's division 25th June 559
– 14. Table of march of the Army of the Reserve moving towards Plaisance 560
– 15. State of the Austrian deserters made to Milan 561
– 16. Inventory of the objects found in the fortification of Milan 562
– 17. Inventory of artillery found in Alessandria 567
– 18. Patents given to warrant officers and soldiers of the 9th light 568
– 19. List of item of the officers of Chambarlhac's division killed or wounded with the battle of Marengo 570
– 20. List soldiers quoted for some brilliant deed 574
– 21. Age of the officers of the Army of the Reserve and date of their entry to the service 582
– 22. Concordance of the calendars Gregorian and republican 587
ERRATA 588

LETTERS

Letter of Kellermann 71
– of Lechi 124
– of Square-Saint-cyr 177
– of Victor 190
– of Duhesme 212
– of Lapoype 365

SKETCH AND MAPS

Action of Chiusella (sketch of the topographical engineers of the army) 17
Passage of Tessin (sketch of the topographical engineers of the army) 65
Battle of Montebello (sketch of the topographical engineers of the army [planimetry]) 247
Battlefield of Marengo with the 50,000° (plane survey by the topographical engineers of the army) 367
Map of the theater of operations of the Army of the Reserve.
Fragment of the map of Borgonio (1772) (photographic reduction).

Library Reference Information

Type of Material: Text (Book, Microform, Electronic, etc.)
Personal Name: Cugnac, Gaspar Jean Marie René de, 1861-
Main Title: Campagne de l'armée de réserve en 1800 ...
par le captaine de Cugnac ...
Published/Created: Paris, R. Chapelot et ce., 1900-1901.
Description: 2 v. 21 maps (partly fold.) 14 facsim. (partly fold. 25 cm.
Contents: t. 1. Passage du Grand-Saint-Bernard.--t. 2. Marengo.
Subjects: Napoleonic Wars, 1800-1815--Campaigns--Italy.
France--History--Consulate and Empire, 1799-1815.
LC Classification: DC223.7 .C96